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shell简介入门之bash编程之流程控制(2)


  F::
  while
  语法如下:
  while(condition)
  do
   commands
  done
  例如:
  #!/bin/bash
  number=0
  while(test $number -lt 10)
   do
   echo "$number\c"
   number=`expr $number+1`
  done
  echo
  -----------------------------------------
  结果如下:
  0123456789
  G::
  until
  语法如下:
  until(condition)
  do
   commands
  done
  它和while的不同只在于while是在条件为真时执行循环,而until是在条件为假时执行循环。
  H::
  break及continue
  这两者是用于for,while,until等循环控制下的。break会跳到done后才执行,而continue会跳至
  done后才执行,而continue会跳至done执行,继续执行循环。
  I::
  case
  语法如下:
  case str in
   pat1) commands1;;
   pat2) commands2;;
   pat3) commands3;;
  esac
  而pat除了可以指定一些确定的字符串,也可以指定字符串的集合,如下:
  * 任意字符串
  ?   任意字符
  [abc]  a,b,c三字符其中之一
  [a-n]  从a到n的任一字符
  │    多重选择
  例如:
  test8.sh
  -----------------------------------------------------------
  #!/bin/bash
  echo `enter A,B,C:"
  read letter
  case $letter in
  A│a) echo `you entered A.`;;
  B│b) echo `you entered B.;;
  C│c) echo `you entered C,;;
  *) echo `not a,b,c`;;
  esac
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 
  J::
  函数
  格式如下:
  function-name()
  {
   commands
  }
   <br>  而要调用此函数,就像在命令行下直接用命令一般。 <br>  <xmp> <br>  test1() <br>  { <br>   echo`this is fuction 1` <br>  } <br>  test2() <br>  { <br>   echo`this is fuction2` <br>  } <br>  test2 <br>  test1 <br>  ------------------------------------------------------ <br>  运行结果: <br>  this is fuction2 <br>  this is fuction1 <br>  下面是一些常用的shell例子: <br>  例1 给一批文件改名。 <br>  \ls *.c* sed `s/\(.*\).C\(.*\)/mv & \1/` │sh <br>  或者 <br>  for f in *.foo; <br>  fo <br>  base=`basename $f. foo` <br>  mv $f $base.bar <br>  done <br>  例2 将大写文件名发亮写为小心改为小安下心来文件名。 <br>  for f in *;do <br>   mv $f `echo $f│tr `[a-z] ` ][a-z] <br>  done <br>  <br>   <div align=right style="margin:3px 0;"> <span style="border:1px dashed #cccccc; margin:3px;"><script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "pub-4504000360271476"; google_alternate_color = "FFFFFF"; google_ad_width = 468; google_ad_height = 15; google_ad_format = "468x15_0ads_al"; //2007-08-31: cisco.chinaitlab.com google_ad_channel = "6111910507"; google_color_border = "cccccc"; google_color_bg = "FFFFFF"; google_color_link = "000033"; google_color_text = "000000"; google_color_url = "008000"; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script></span> <A title="Linux频道 中国IT实验室" href="http://Linux.chinaitlab.com/" target=_blank><IMG height=14 src="http://www.chinaitlab.com/cms/images/logo14.gif" width=14 border=0></A>【责编:admin】</div> </div> <table width=550 border=0> <tr> <td><A href="http://train.1010school.com/LR/chatwin.aspx?id=LZC69557093&k=6332831307852825003000&lng=cn&nk=6333045631866887503073&ip1=%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E6%B7%B1%E5%9C%B3%E5%B8%82%E5%8D%97%E5%B1%B1%E5%8C%BA&ip2=%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1ADSL&p=http%3A//school.chinaitlab.com/&r=" target=_blank><IMG alt=中国IT教育 src="http://cisco.chinaitlab.com/ad/Linuxnews.gif" border=0></A></td> </tr> </table> <div class=blank> </div> <div class=Fushu style="BORDER-RIGHT: 0px; BORDER-TOP: 0px; BORDER-LEFT: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px"> 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